Sino-Soviet Relations, 1949-62

What were Sino-Soviet relations like between 1949-62?

China and the USSR had mutual interests and ideologies which led to cooperation and collaboration. However, there was a level of mistrust between the powers which grew over time.

What was the Treaty of Friendship in the Sino-Soviet relations?

The Treaty of Friendship was a formal recognition of relations between the Soviet Union and China.

What were the Treaty of Friendship's terms for Sino-Soviet relations?

The Treaty of Friendship included 4 important terms:

• ❖ The USSR would aid and support the PRC in the event of an attack or invasion.
• ❖ The PRC would receive a loan from the USSR for $300 million.
• ❖ The disclosure of all Soviet intelligence agents working in China.
• ❖ China also gave economic grants to lands in Manchuria and Xinjiang. However, these were kept secret in order to avoid protests, as this would show Mao and the CCP acting hypocritically.

What was the Soviet influence on economic developments in Sino-Soviet relations?

There were 3 positive influences that Soviet relations had on Chinese economic development:

• ❖ The Soviet loan helped China pay for 10,000 military and economic advisers. These advisers would play significant roles in the First Five Year Plan.
• ❖ Under Khrushchev, China was offered trade packages and nuclear support, as well as the Soviets moving out of Manchuria.
• ❖ Because of the training and support offered, China was able to build its own nuclear reactor and develop its first nuclear warhead in 1960.

What was the Soviet influence on political developments in Sino-Soviet relations?

Political influence was limited due to strained Sino-Soviet relations, which had deteriorated over time for 3 reasons:

• ❖ Mao had a strong distrust of Stalin. After charging excessive amounts in payment for Soviet weapons during the Korean War, Mao believed Stalin was out to weaken and subjugate China.
• ❖ With Khrushchev's 'Secret Speech' and criticism of Stalin, Mao felt his style of government and regime was also being criticised. However, after this point Mao Zedong Thought did become a less important policy for the politburo.
• ❖ Despite attempts to improve relations, during the Moscow Conference of 1958, China accused the Soviets of spying and betraying the communist movement.