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Hitler's Actions and International Relations 1933 - 1935
What were Hitler's foreign policy actions in the early years of his rule?
Between 1933 and 1935 Hitler took several actions against the League, such as secretly rearming. However, at the time, these steps were seen as Germany trying to achieve equality with other members of the League.
What was the Stresa Front?
The Stresa Front was a united protest by Britain, France and Italy.
- ❖ It was an agreement to resist any further attempts by Germany to change the Treaty of Versailles.
- ❖ It was formed in March 1935 in response to Germany's announcement of its intention to rearm.
- ❖ It was undermined by the Anglo-German Naval Agreement in June 1935.
What was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement?
The Anglo-German Naval Agreement was reached in June 1935 by Britain and Germany.
- ❖ It allowed Germany to have a fleet 35% the size of the Royal Navy.
- ❖ It allowed Germany to have 45% of the number of British submarines.
- ❖ This guaranteed British naval supremacy.
- ❖ However, it also broke the terms of the Versailles Treaty, and showed that Britain was more concerned with protecting itself than upholding the Settlement.
How did Hitler react to the World Disarmament Conference?
Hitler demonstrated his disdain for the League of Nations and the Versailles Settlement by walking out of the World Disarmament Conference in 1933, with the excuse that France wasn't taking disarmament seriously.
What agreements did Hitler make in the early years?
In the early years of his rule, Hitler made a number of agreements to support Germany's foreign policy aims.
- ❖ In January 1934 Germany signed a ten-year non-aggression pact with Poland, which meant Poland wouldn't interfere if Germany moved against Austria or Czechoslovakia.
- ❖ In June 1935 Britain and Germany reached the Anglo-Naval Agreement, which allowed the German fleet to be 35% the size of the British navy, with 45% of the number of submarines. This protected British naval supremacy but broke the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
What was the Saar plebiscite?
Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the coal-mining Saar region on the French and German border could hold a plebiscite after 15 years of League of Nations rule. In it, 90% voted to return to Germany.
What happened in Austria in 1934?
In 1934 Germany made its first attempt to unite with Austria (Anschluss).
- ❖ The Austrian chancellor, Dollfuss, was assassinated by Austrian Nazis.
- ❖ Mussolini marched Italian troops to the border of Austria, at the Brenner Pass, as a warning against Hitler attempting to capitalise on the situation.
- ❖ Hitler backed down and did not take responsibility for the murder of Dollfuss.
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