Helsinki Accords, 1975

What was the Helsinki Conference?

The Helsinki Conference focused on security and co-operation in Europe. The agreements made there are known as the Helsinki Accords.

Where was the Helsinki Conference?

It was held in Helsinki, Finland.

When was the Helsinki Conference?

The Helsinki Conference took place from July 1973 to August 1975.

Who signed the treaties at the Helsinki Conference?

The agreements were signed by the USA, Canada, the Soviet Union, and all European countries excluding Albania and Andorra.

Why was the Helsinki Conference held?

The Helsinki Conference was held in an effort to reduce tensions between the Soviet and Western blocs.

How were the agreements split at the Helsinki Conference?

The agreements of the Helsinki Conference were split into 3 main 'baskets':

• ❖ Basket 1: The current borders of European countries could not be changed or violated. No country could interfere in the affairs of another country. All disputes would be solved peacefully.
• ❖ Basket 2: Promoted trade between East and West - the USA would buy Soviet oil; the Soviets would buy the USA's wheat. There would be scientific and educational cooperation.
• ❖ Basket 3: To respect human rights such as freedom of speech and free movement.

What was the problem with the agreements made at the Helsinki Conference?

There were 2 main problems with the agreements made at the Helsinki Conference:

• ❖ The Soviet Union continued to apply the Brezhnev Doctrine in eastern Europe, and anyone who opposed it was treated severely.
• ❖ In reality, the Eastern Bloc countries did not uphold the human rights agreement.